Polycystic ovary syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a condition in which a woman has an imbalance of a female sex hormones.Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very common condition affecting 4% to 18% of women. Being overweight worsens all clinical features of PCOS. These clinical features include reproductive manifestations such as reduced frequency of ovulation and irregular menstrual cycles, reduced fertility, polycystic ovaries on ultrasound, and high male hormones such as testosterone which can cause excess facial or body hair growth and acne. PCOS is also associated with metabolic features and diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk factors including high levels of insulin or insulin resistance and abnormal cholesterol levels. PCOS affects quality of life and can worsen anxiety and depression either due to the features of PCOS or due to the diagnosis of a chronic disease. A healthy lifestyle consists of a healthy diet, regular exercise and achieving and maintaining a healthy weight. This review identified six studies with 164 participants that assessed the effects of a healthy lifestyle in women with PCOS. There were no studies reporting on fertility outcomes such as pregnancy, live birth and miscarriage. While some studies reported on menstrual regularity and ovulation, the findings were reported in a variety of ways and it was not possible to estimate the overall effects of lifestyle on these outcomes. Current evidence suggests that following a healthy lifestyle reduces body weight and abdominal fat, reduces testosterone and improves both hair growth, and improves insulin resistance. There was no evidence that a healthy lifestyle improved cholesterol or glucose levels in women with PCOS.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common female endocrine disorders. PCOS is a complex, heterogeneous disorder of uncertain etiology. Both genes and the environment contribute to PCOS. Obesity, exacerbated by poor dietary choices and physical inactivity, worsens PCOS in susceptible individuals.
PCOS produces symptoms in approximately 5% to 15% of women of reproductive age (12–45 years old). It is thought to be one of the leading causes of female subfertility and the most frequent endocrine problem in women of reproductive age.
PCOS produces symptoms in approximately 5% to 15% of women of reproductive age (12–45 years old). It is thought to be one of the leading causes of female subfertility and the most frequent endocrine problem in women of reproductive age.
The ovaries are normally covered with cysts , but in a polycystic ovary syndrome there are many cysts present . Abnormal growth of cysts present on the ovary leads to polycystic ovary . An ovarian cyst is any collection of fluid, surrounded by a very thin wall, within an ovary. Any ovarian follicle that is larger than about two centimeters is termed an ovarian cyst. Such cysts can be pea size or even can be very large .Most ovarian cysts are functional in nature and harmless (benign).Ovarian cysts affect women of all ages. They occur most often, however, during a woman's childbearing years. Some ovarian cysts cause problems, such as bleeding and pain. Surgery may be required to remove cysts larger than 5 centimeters in diameter.
Polycystic ovary syndrome acquired its name due to the common sight (on an ultrasound examination) of multiple (poly) immature cysts (ovarian follicles - "polyfollicular ovary syndrome" would be a more accurate name). These follicles are structures (sacks of fluid) which each hold a single egg (an oocyte which is an undeveloped ovum or egg). In humans, oocytes are established in the ovary before birth. An ultrasound of the ovaries during the reproductive years usually shows, on average, 5-12 active follicles in each ovary. When more than 12-15 follicles are present, the ovary is called 'polycystic'. This itself does not cause adverse symptoms and should not be confused with PCOS.
Polycystic ovary syndrome acquired its name due to the common sight (on an ultrasound examination) of multiple (poly) immature cysts (ovarian follicles - "polyfollicular ovary syndrome" would be a more accurate name). These follicles are structures (sacks of fluid) which each hold a single egg (an oocyte which is an undeveloped ovum or egg). In humans, oocytes are established in the ovary before birth. An ultrasound of the ovaries during the reproductive years usually shows, on average, 5-12 active follicles in each ovary. When more than 12-15 follicles are present, the ovary is called 'polycystic'. This itself does not cause adverse symptoms and should not be confused with PCOS.
REFERENCES
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1069067/
FOR VIDEOS
www.youtube.com
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FsNKyKS7M_s
FOR IMAGES
ww.google.com : google images
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1069067/
FOR VIDEOS
www.youtube.com
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FsNKyKS7M_s
FOR IMAGES
ww.google.com : google images